Compare Holy See (Vatican City) (2007) - Western Sahara (2005)

Compare Holy See (Vatican City) (2007) z Western Sahara (2005)

	Holy See (Vatican City) (2007)	Western Sahara (2005)

Administrative divisions	none	none (under de facto control of Morocco)
Age structure	-	0-14 years: NA 15-64 years: NA 65 years and over: NA
Agriculture - products	-	fruits and vegetables (grown in the few oases); camels, sheep, goats (kept by nomads)
Airports	-	11 (2004 est.)
Airports - with paved runways	-	total: 3 2,438 to 3,047 m: 3 (2004 est.)
Airports - with unpaved runways	-	total: 8 1,524 to 2,437 m: 1 914 to 1,523 m: 4 under 914 m: 3 (2004 est.)
Area	total: 0.44 sq km land: 0.44 sq km water: 0 sq km	total: 266,000 sq km land: 266,000 sq km water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative	about 0.7 times the size of The Mall in Washington, DC	about the size of Colorado
Background	Popes in their secular role ruled portions of the Italian peninsula for more than a thousand years until the mid 19th century, when many of the Papal States were seized by the newly united Kingdom of Italy. In 1870, the pope's holdings were further circumscribed when Rome itself was annexed. Disputes between a series of "prisoner" popes and Italy were resolved in 1929 by three Lateran Treaties, which established the independent state of Vatican City and granted Roman Catholicism special status in Italy. In 1984, a concordat between the Holy See and Italy modified certain of the earlier treaty provisions, including the primacy of Roman Catholicism as the Italian state religion. Present concerns of the Holy See include religious freedom, international development, the Middle East, terrorism, interreligious dialogue and reconciliation, and the application of church doctrine in an era of rapid change and globalization. About 1 billion people worldwide profess the Catholic faith.	Morocco virtually annexed the northern two-thirds of Western Sahara (formerly Spanish Sahara) in 1976, and the rest of the territory in 1979, following Mauritania's withdrawal. A guerrilla war with the Polisario Front contesting Rabat's sovereignty ended in a 1991 UN-brokered cease-fire; a UN-organized referendum on final status has been repeatedly postponed.
Birth rate	-	NA births/1,000 population
Budget	revenues: $247 million expenditures: $243 million (2005)	revenues: NA expenditures: NA, including capital expenditures of NA
Capital	name: Vatican City geographic coordinates: 41 54 N, 12 27 E time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC during Standard Time) daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October	none
Climate	temperate; mild, rainy winters (September to May) with hot, dry summers (May to September)	hot, dry desert; rain is rare; cold offshore air currents produce fog and heavy dew
Coastline	0 km (landlocked)	1,110 km
Constitution	new Fundamental Law promulgated by Pope JOHN PAUL II on 26 November 2000, effective 22 February 2001 (replaces the first Fundamental Law of 1929)	-
Country name	conventional long form: The Holy See (State of the Vatican City) conventional short form: Holy See (Vatican City) local long form: Santa Sede (Stato della Citta del Vaticano) local short form: Santa Sede (Citta del Vaticano)	conventional long form: none conventional short form: Western Sahara former: Spanish Sahara
Death rate	-	NA deaths/1,000 population
Debt - external	-	NA
Diplomatic representation from the US	chief of mission: Ambassador Francis ROONEY embassy: Villa Domiziana, Via delle Terme Deciane 26, 00153 Rome mailing address: PSC 59, Box 66, APO AE 09624 telephone: [39] (06) 4674-3428 FAX: [39] (06) 575-8346	none
Diplomatic representation in the US	chief of mission: Apostolic Nuncio Archbishop Pietro SAMBI chancery: 3339 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008 telephone: [1] (202) 333-7121 FAX: [1] (202) 337-4036	none
Disputes - international	none	Morocco claims and administers Western Sahara, whose sovereignty remains unresolved - UN-administered cease-fire has remained in effect since September 1991, administered by the UN Mission for the Referendum in Western Sahara (MINURSO), but attempts to hold a referendum have failed and parties thus far have rejected all brokered proposals
Economic aid - recipient	-	NA
Economy - overview	This unique, noncommercial economy is supported financially by an annual contribution (known as Peter's Pence) from Roman Catholic dioceses throughout the world; by the sale of postage stamps, coins, medals, and tourist mementos; by fees for admission to museums; and by the sale of publications. Investments and real estate income also account for a sizable portion of revenue. The incomes and living standards of lay workers are comparable to those of counterparts who work in the city of Rome.	Western Sahara depends on pastoral nomadism, fishing, and phosphate mining as the principal sources of income for the population. The territory lacks sufficient rainfall for sustainable agricultural production, and most of the food for the urban population must be imported. All trade and other economic activities are controlled by the Moroccan Government. Moroccan energy interests in 2001 signed contracts to explore for oil off the coast of Western Sahara, which has angered the Polisario. Incomes and standards of living in Western Sahara are substantially below the Moroccan level.
Electricity - consumption	NA kWh	83.7 million kWh (2002)
Electricity - exports	-	0 kWh (2002)
Electricity - imports	NA kWh; note - electricity supplied by Italy	0 kWh (2002)
Electricity - production	NA kWh	90 million kWh (2002)
Elevation extremes	lowest point: unnamed location 19 m highest point: unnamed location 75 m	lowest point: Sebjet Tah -55 m highest point: unnamed location 463 m
Environment - current issues	NA	sparse water and lack of arable land
Environment - international agreements	party to: Climate Change signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution, Environmental Modification	party to: none of the selected agreements signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Ethnic groups	Italians, Swiss, other	Arab, Berber
Exchange rates	euros per US dollar - 0.7964 (2006), 0.8041 (2005), 0.8054 (2004), 0.886 (2003), 1.0626 (2002)	Moroccan dirhams per US dollar - 8.868 (2004), 9.5744 (2003), 11.0206 (2002), 11.303 (2001), 10.6256 (2000)
Executive branch	chief of state: Pope BENEDICT XVI (since 19 April 2005) head of government: Secretary of State Cardinal Tarcisio BERTONE (since 15 September 2006) cabinet: Pontifical Commission appointed by the pope elections: pope elected for life by the College of Cardinals; election last held 19 April 2005 (next to be held after the death of the current pope); secretary of state appointed by the pope election results: Joseph RATZINGER elected Pope BENEDICT XVI	none
Exports	-	NA
Exports - commodities	-	phosphates 62%
Exports - partners	-	Morocco claims and administers Western Sahara, so trade partners are included in overall Moroccan accounts
Fiscal year	calendar year	calendar year
Flag description	two vertical bands of yellow (hoist side) and white with the arms of the Holy See, consisting of the crossed keys of Saint Peter surmounted by the three-tiered papal tiara, centered in the white band	-
GDP - composition by sector	-	agriculture: NA industry: NA services: 40% (1996 est.)
GDP - per capita	-	purchasing power parity - NA
GDP - real growth rate	-	NA
Geographic coordinates	41 54 N, 12 27 E	24 30 N, 13 00 W
Geography - note	landlocked; enclave in Rome, Italy; world's smallest state; beyond the territorial boundary of Vatican City, the Lateran Treaty of 1929 grants the Holy See extraterritorial authority over 23 sites in Rome and five outside of Rome, including the Pontifical Palace at Castel Gandolfo (the Pope's summer residence)	the waters off the coast are particularly rich fishing areas
Highways	-	total: 6,200 km paved: 1,350 km unpaved: 4,850 km (1991 est)
Household income or consumption by percentage share	-	lowest 10%: NA highest 10%: NA
Imports	NA kWh; note - electricity supplied by Italy	NA
Imports - commodities	-	fuel for fishing fleet, foodstuffs
Imports - partners	-	Morocco claims and administers Western Sahara, so trade partners are included in overall Moroccan accounts
Independence	11 February 1929 (from Italy); note - the three treaties signed with Italy on 11 February 1929 acknowledged, among other things, the full sovereignty of the Vatican and established its territorial extent; however, the origin of the Papal States, which over the years have varied considerably in extent, may be traced back to the 8th century	-
Industrial production growth rate	-	NA
Industries	printing; production of coins, medals, postage stamps; a small amount of mosaics and staff uniforms; worldwide banking and financial activities	phosphate mining, handicrafts
Infant mortality rate	-	total: NA male: NA female: NA
Inflation rate (consumer prices)	-	NA
International organization participation	CE (observer), CPLP (associate), IAEA, IOM (observer), ITSO, ITU, ITUC, NAM (guest), OAS (observer), OPCW, OSCE, UN (observer), UNCTAD, UNHCR, Union Latina (observer), UNWTO (observer), UPU, WIPO, WTO (observer)	none
Irrigated land	0 sq km	NA sq km
Judicial branch	there are three tribunals responsible for civil and criminal matters within Vatican City; three other tribunals rule on issues pertaining to the Holy See note: judicial duties were established by the Motu Proprio of Pope PIUS XII on 1 May 1946	-
Labor force	NA	12,000
Labor force - by occupation	note: essentially services with a small amount of industry; dignitaries, priests, nuns, guards, and 3,000 lay workers live outside the Vatican	animal husbandry and subsistence farming 50%
Land boundaries	total: 3.2 km border countries: Italy 3.2 km	total: 2,046 km border countries: Algeria 42 km, Mauritania 1,561 km, Morocco 443 km
Land use	arable land: 0% permanent crops: 0% other: 100% (urban area) (2005)	arable land: 0.02% permanent crops: 0% other: 99.98% (2001)
Languages	Italian, Latin, French, various other languages	Hassaniya Arabic, Moroccan Arabic
Legal system	based on Code of Canon Law and revisions to it	-
Legislative branch	unicameral Pontifical Commission	-
Life expectancy at birth	-	total population: NA years male: NA years female: NA years
Literacy	definition: NA total population: 100% male: 100% female: 100%	definition: NA total population: NA% male: NA% female: NA%
Location	Southern Europe, an enclave of Rome (Italy)	Northern Africa, bordering the North Atlantic Ocean, between Mauritania and Morocco
Map references	Europe	Africa
Maritime claims	none (landlocked)	contingent upon resolution of sovereignty issue
Military - note	defense is the responsibility of Italy; ceremonial and limited security duties performed by Pontifical Swiss Guard	-
Military branches	Pontifical Swiss Guard (Corpo della Guardia Svizzera Pontificia)	-
National holiday	Coronation Day of Pope BENEDICT XVI, 24 April (2005)	-
Nationality	noun: none adjective: none	noun: Sahrawi(s), Sahraoui(s) adjective: Sahrawi, Sahrawian, Sahraouian
Natural hazards	NA	hot, dry, dust/sand-laden sirocco wind can occur during winter and spring; widespread harmattan haze exists 60% of time, often severely restricting visibility
Natural resources	none	phosphates, iron ore
Political parties and leaders	none	-
Political pressure groups and leaders	none (exclusive of influence exercised by church officers)	none
Population	821 (July 2007 est.)	273,008 (July 2005 est.)
Population below poverty line	NA%	NA
Population growth rate	0% (2007 est.)	NA
Ports and harbors	-	Ad Dakhla, Cabo Bojador, Laayoune (El Aaiun)
Radio broadcast stations	AM 4, FM 3, shortwave 2 (2004)	AM 2, FM 0, shortwave 0 (1998)
Religions	Roman Catholic	Muslim
Sex ratio	-	NA
Suffrage	limited to cardinals less than 80 years old	none; a UN-sponsored voter identification campaign not yet completed
Telephone system	general assessment: automatic digital exchange domestic: connected via fiber optic cable to Telecom Italia network international: country code - 39; uses Italian system	general assessment: sparse and limited system domestic: NA international: country code - 212; tied into Morocco's system by microwave radio relay, tropospheric scatter, and satellite; satellite earth stations - 2 Intelsat (Atlantic Ocean) linked to Rabat, Morocco
Telephones - main lines in use	5,120 (2005)	about 2,000 (1999 est.)
Telephones - mobile cellular	-	0 (1999)
Television broadcast stations	1 (2005)	NA
Terrain	urban; low hill	mostly low, flat desert with large areas of rocky or sandy surfaces rising to small mountains in south and northeast
Total fertility rate	-	NA children born/woman
Unemployment rate	-	NA

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